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Issue Brief: Speed and Red Light Cameras |
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National Campaign to Stop Red Light Running |
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IIHS Speed Camera Report  |
Automated enforcement uses technology to to capture images of vehicles committing traffic violations. Most automated enforcement laws apply to red light running, but some also address speeding or other offenses.
Automated enforcement locations vary significantly: some states allow enforcement statewide, while others permit it only in communities meeting a certain population threshold or other criteria.
Penalties vary as well. In most states, the registered owner of the vehicle is issued the citation. Often, the penalties for automated enforcement are different than traditional enforcement penalties for the same violations. A few states treat automated enforcement just like parking tickets: the owner is liable, points are not assessed and there is no record of the citation.
State |
State |
Loca- |
Viola- |
Citation Issued to Whom |
Liability |
Image |
Tradi- |
Records/ Points/ Penalties |
Defenses |
Privacy |
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No |
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No |
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Permitted |
Statewide; signs required where automated enforce- |
Red light; speed |
Not addressed |
Not addressed |
Not addressed |
$250 fine/ |
Not addressed |
Not addressed |
Not |
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Prohibited—Prohibits use of photo radar by state or county except in school zones or at rail crossings; officer must be present and citation issued at time of offense |
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Permitted |
Statewide |
Red light; rail crossing |
Registered owner |
Driver |
Tag and driver |
$100 fine/1 point |
Penalty same as for traditional citation |
Driver not owner; owner must identify driver |
Photo may be used only for purposes of the Act; available only to registered owner or driver |
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Permitted |
Statewide and in construction zones |
Any traffic violation w/ limitation only on speed cameras, which are restricted to school zones, residential areas or adjacent to a municipal park |
Registered owner |
Driver |
Tag and driver |
$111 (includes 4 points and an $11 surcharge) |
$75 for red light; $40 max. fine for speed (double in school zone); no points or record; warning only for first photo radar offense if speed w/in 10 mph of limit |
Driver not owner |
Not |
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No |
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Permitted |
Statewide |
Red light |
Registered owner |
Owner |
Two or more images of vehicle |
$75-$230 fine |
$50 max. fine; not a record or conviction offense; not to be use by insurers |
Owners of commercial vehicles must identify driver or be held responsible |
Not |
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Permitted |
Entire jurisdiction |
Moving infractions |
Registered owner |
Owner |
Not addressed |
$75 max. fine/2 points |
$75 max. fine/no points |
Driver not owner; driver yielding to emergency vehicle; funeral procession or responding to officer direction |
Not |
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No |
Gulf Breeze |
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Permitted |
Statewide |
Red light |
Registered owner |
Owner |
License tag, intersection and light |
$1,000 max. fine/3 points |
$70 max. fine; not a conviction or record offense; no points; not a moving violation; not to be used by insurers |
Owner not driver |
Images and information are not part of public record |
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No |
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No |
Various |
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Permitted |
1) Statewide only in construc- |
Speed |
Registered owner |
Driver |
Tag and driver |
Mandatory $250 fine/20 points |
$250 fine or 25 hrs. community service |
Workers not present in zone at time of citation |
Images avail. only to alleged driver, gov't agencies for adjudicating red light offense or statistical or other gov't. purpose; images admissable in any proceeding resulting from red light citation |
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2) Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, Madison, McHenry, St. Clair and Will Counties; requires local ordinance |
Red light |
Registered owner |
Owner |
Two or more images of vehicle/tag |
$500 max fine/20 points |
$100; not moving violation or record offense |
Light violation occurred as part of funeral procession; driver yielding to emergency vehicle; vehicle or tags stolen |
Images avail. only to alleged driver, gov't agencies for adjudicating red light offense or statistical or other gov't. purpose; images |
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3) Statewide in cooperation w/ IL DOT and IL Commerce Commis- |
Rail crossing |
Registered owner |
Driver (owner if driver not identified by owner) |
Vehicle, driver and tag |
$250 max. fine/1st offense |
$250 fine or 25 hrs. community service |
Owner not driver; owner must identify driver |
Images are confidential and avail. only to the alleged driver; state may use images as part of a safety study |
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4) Statewide |
Speed |
Use by local authorities is prohibited. The state may use speed cameras, but only when a law enforcement officer is present and witnesses the event. The law is silent with respect to owner liability, penalties, etc. |
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No |
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No |
Cities may implement |
Red light |
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No |
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No |
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No |
Two cities have red light camera pilot programs. |
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No |
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Permitted |
1) Statewide |
Red light |
Registered owner |
Owner |
Two or more images of rear of vehicle and tag in any medium |
$500 max fine/2 points |
$100 max. civil penalty; no points or record; not a moving violation; may not be used by insurers |
Driver in funeral procession or yielding to emergency vehicle; vehicle or tags stolen; owner not driver; owner must identify driver |
Images avail. only to owner and in limited circum- |
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2) School zones and residential districts in Mont- |
Speed |
Registered owner |
Owner |
Two or more images of rear of vehicle and tag in any medium |
Max. fine $500 in residential district; $1,000 in school zone; points depend on speed |
$40 max. fine; no points |
Vehicle or tag stolen; owner not driver; must identify driver; other issues the court finds pertinent |
Images avail. only to owner and in limited circum- |
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No |
Town of Saugus |
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No |
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No |
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No |
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No |
Various |
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No |
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No |
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Prohibited—Prohibits use of imaging equipment unless it is hand held by an officer or installed in a vehicle or law enforcement agency facility. Traditional enforcement is $1,000 max. fine/4 points. |
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Prohibited—Automated enforcement is prohibited unless there is specific statutory authorization (authorized only for toll enforcement). |
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Prohibited—Photo radar is prohibited. |
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Local jurisdictions must pass an ordinance and apply to Trans. Commissioner to participate in a pilot program (eff. 4/14/08) |
Red light |
Owner (eff. 4/14/08) |
Owner and driver are jointly liable (eff. 4/14/08) |
Two or more images of vehicle and tag (eff. 4/14/08) |
$85 |
Same are for traditional citation; no points (eff. 4/14/08) |
Not addressed |
Not addressed |
Not addressed |
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No law specifically authorizes or prohibits. Law that only applies to Albuquerque limits assessed penalties, fines, fees and costs for each offense to $75, and allows municipality to retain operating costs of program. The balance of the funds collected is transferred to three different programs: a bond fund for court construction, drug courts and DWI prevention. State law also requires counties and municipalities using camera enforcement to post a warning sign and beacon. |
Albu- |
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Civil fines only, collected by municipality - no points or criminal sanctions |
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Permitted |
Cities of at least 1,000,000, limited
to 100 intersec- |
Red light |
Owner |
Owner |
2 or more images of rear of vehicle in any medium |
$100 max. fine/3 points |
$50 fine; not a record or conviction offense; may not be used by insurers |
Driver convicted; vehicle stolen; vehicle leased or rented by
another; owner may seek indemnifi- |
Photos may not include images of the driver, passengers or contents of the vehicle. |
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Permitted |
Where specified by state or local statute |
Red light (also speed in Charlotte) |
Owner |
Owner |
Photo, video, electronic image |
$100 max. fine/3 points |
$75 max. civil penalty; no points |
Owner not driver; must identify driver; vehicle stolen |
Not |
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No |
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No |
Local jurisdictions |
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No |
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Permitted
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Any city |
Red light |
Owner or driver, if identifiable |
Owner |
Photo- |
$355 max. fine |
Penalty same as for traditional citation |
Owner not driver; owner must identify driver |
Not |
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Various |
Speed |
Owner or driver, if identifiable |
Owner |
Photo- |
$355 max. fine |
Penalty same as for traditional citation |
Not |
Not |
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Permitted |
Philadel- |
Red light |
Registered owner |
Owner |
Photo- |
$25 max. fine/3 points |
$100 max. not on operating record |
Owner not driver; vehicle stolen; did not own vehicle at time of violation |
Images and information not part of public record |
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Permitted |
Statewide |
Red light |
Registered owner |
Registered owner |
Two or more images of vehicle and tag in any medium |
$75 max. fine |
$75 max. fine; not a criminal or record offense; not a moving violation; not to be used by insurers until final adjudication |
Same as for traditional enforcement |
Images not part of public record; must be kept private and destroyed w/in 90 days if no violation and w/in one year of disposition for those w/ violation |
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No |
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No |
Sioux Falls |
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No |
Various |
Traffic violation |
Not addressed |
Not addressed |
Not addressed |
$50 max. fine/points |
Not reportable; no points |
Not addressed |
Not addressed |
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Prohibited—A Texas municipality may not use an automated traffic control system to enforce speed. |
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Permitted |
Statewide; requires local ordinance |
Red light |
Registered owner |
Owner |
2 or more photo or digital images of tag |
$200 max. fine |
$75 max. fine; not a criminal or record offense |
Not addressed |
Not addressed |
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Permitted |
Statewide; only in school zones or where limit is 30 mph or less; officer must be present; requires local ordinance |
Speed |
Not addressed |
Not addressed |
Photo- |
$1,000 max. fine/50 points |
Not reportable; no points may be assessed |
Not addressed |
Not |
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No |
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No data |
Beginning & end of highway |
Moving infraction |
Driver or registered owner |
Driver or registered owner |
Photo electron image |
No data |
$25 or 2 to 12 points |
No data |
No data |
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Permitted |
Cities, counties and towns: 1 camera site per 10,000 residents; requires local ordinance (exception for metro DC area: up to 10 camera sites or 1 camera site per 10,000 residents, whichever is greater) |
Red light |
Registered owner |
Driver |
Two photo- |
$200 max. fine/4 points |
$50 max. fine, no court costs; not a criminal offense; no points; may not be used by insurers |
Owner not operator; vehicle stolen |
Contractor may not obtain driver records; information collected by a signal monitoring system shall be used exclusively for enforcing traffic light violations and not be made available to the public, sold, or disclosed except as ordered by court. Information purged no later than 60 days after collection of penalty. |
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Permitted |
Cities and counties statewide where two arterial roads intersect | Red light | Registered owner | Registered owner | Vehicle, license tag | $250 max. fine | Fine up to the max. for parking violations in the jurisdiction; no record; no points | Owner not operator; rental companies with conditions; vehicle stolen or sold | Only when a violation occurs; photo may not reveal faces | |
| School zone | Speed | Registered owner | Registered owner | Vehicle, license tag | $250 max. fine | Fine up to the max. for parking violations in the jurisdiction; no record; no points | Owner not operator; rental companies with conditions; vehicle stolen or sold | Only when a violation occurs; photo may not reveal faces | ||
| Cities and counties statewide | Rail crossing | Registered owner | Registered owner | Vehicle, license tag | $250 max. fine | Fine up to the max. for parking violations in the jurisdiction; no record; no points | Owner not operator; rental companies with conditions; vehicle stolen or sold | Only when a violation occurs; photo may not reveal faces | ||
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Prohibited—All photo enforcement prohibited |
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Prohibited—Photo-radar enforcement prohibited in state |
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No |
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Totals |
Permitted: 17 + D.C. Prohibited: 7 (AR, NV, NH, NJ, TX, WV, WI) No law: 28 |
States w/ Programs Operating: 27 + D.C., Virgin Islands |
Varies |
Varies |
Varies |
Varies |
Varies |
Varies |
Varies |
Varies |
Sources: National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL), Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) and State Highway Safety Offices. Most recently reviewed July, 2008.
